Which structure serves as the cellular control center and houses genetic material?

• A. Cytoplasm
• B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• C. Nucleus
• D. Ribosomes

Answer: (C)

The nucleus acts as the cellular control center and houses genetic material. It contains DNA, which holds the instructions for making all the cell’s proteins and for regulating which genes are active. By controlling gene expression, the nucleus directs growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The nucleolus within the nucleus starts ribosomal RNA synthesis, while the nuclear envelope with its pores regulates what enters and leaves the nucleus, coordinating communication with the rest of the cell.

The cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus and holds the cell’s organelles but does not contain the genetic material that governs cell function. The endoplasmic reticulum is a network for synthesizing and transporting proteins and lipids, and ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, either free-floating or attached to the rough ER.